This edition of WICHE Insights highlights broad issues that arise in data collection efforts related to American Indian and Alaska Native populations, with a specific focus on challenges across postsecondary data systems and their implications as they relate to higher education policy and practice. This WICHE Insights is part of WICHE’s Native-Serving Institutions Initiative, which is committed to supporting American Indian/Alaska Native student educational attainment in higher education by working in partnership with two- and four-year institutions, tribal colleges, tribal education offices, higher education organizations, and state and federal policy makers to strengthen practices and policies that lead to successful postsecondary outcomes of AI/AN students.